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Paraguay’s Hydroelectric Surplus Is Becoming the World’s Next AI and Data Center Frontier And This Infrastructure Builder Has Been Proving It for Years
Asunción, Paraguay
While Silicon Valley scrambles for power and the global AI industry faces an unprecedented energy bottleneck, a landlocked South American country is sitting on one of the largest untapped clean energy surpluses on Earth and a growing number of international companies are taking notice.
Paraguay generates nearly 100% of its electricity from renewable hydroelectric sources, primarily through two binational dams: Itaipú, shared with Brazil, and Yacyretá, shared with Argentina. Itaipú alone is a 14,000 MW facility whose annual output regularly rivals China’s Three Gorges Dam. Yet Paraguay consumes only a fraction of its share. The country’s half of Itaipú could power the nation approximately three times over. Historically, the surplus has been ceded to Brazil under treaty terms that critics and increasingly, Paraguayan officials argue vastly undervalue the resource.
That dynamic is now shifting. In March 2026, the foreign ministers of both countries announced substantial progress on revising the Itaipú Treaty’s Annex C, the pricing and distribution mechanism that has governed the dam’s output for over fifty years. Simultaneously, Paraguay has attracted a wave of investment commitments in data center and AI compute infrastructure, including projects from X8 Cloud which has announced plans for what could become the largest AI data center complex in South America, with investment estimates ranging from $10 billion to $50 billion over 30 years and Hive Digital Technologies, which is expanding its hydro-powered facility in Yguazú to 400MW.
The country’s appeal is straightforward: abundant renewable energy at some of the lowest rates in the Western Hemisphere, a 100% clean generation matrix, investment-grade sovereign credit ratings from all three major agencies, a simplified corporate formation framework (the EAS, or Empresa por Acciones Simplificada), and a tax regime known locally as the “Triple 10” with corporate, personal, and value-added tax rates each capped at 10%.
From a small-town ISP to a 100MW data center: building proof on the ground Christian Kaatz has spent more than twenty years building infrastructure across Paraguay, and his career arc mirrors the country’s emerging transformation.
At 18, Kaatz co-founded an internet service provider in Villarrica, a small city in Paraguay’s interior. Over two decades, he grew that company from dial-up connections on US Robotics modems and Linux servers to a fiber-optic network serving thousands of customers, partnering with Ufinet to execute the first joint GPON fiber deployment in the region a model that Ufinet later expanded across South America.
In 2021, Kaatz made a decisive pivot. He sold his stake in the ISP and joined Penguin Group as Chief Data Center Officer, where he was tasked with designing, building, and operating a 100MW data center powered by hydroelectric energy adjacent to the Itaipú dam. The role put him at the intersection of power infrastructure, high-performance computing, and telecommunications at national scale. He managed teams across networking, security, a microelectronics laboratory, electrical substation operations, and maintenance overseeing a facility that drew directly from the same renewable energy grid that is now attracting global AI and cloud companies to Paraguay.
During this period, Kaatz also became a recognized public voice for responsible energy-intensive industry in Paraguay, appearing on national television and in international press to advocate for legal frameworks that would allow Bitcoin mining and data center operations to create jobs and build infrastructure within a regulated environment.
“The debate in Paraguay has always been polarized,” Kaatz explains. “One side says these industries consume too much energy and benefit too few people. My position has been consistent since 2020: unless there is a labor-intensive industry being blocked by energy consumption, we are better off using our energy domestically and generating value for the state rather than ceding our surplus to Brazil at a fraction of its worth.”
Infrastructure that stays: the hidden benefit of energy-intensive industries
Kaatz argues that the conversation around data centers and compute infrastructure in Paraguay misses a critical point: the permanent infrastructure these projects leave behind.
“Whether a specific data center survives long-term or not, the infrastructure it demands stays in the country,” he says. “The distribution lines, the electrical substations, the enhanced telecommunications backbone all of that remains and benefits every citizen.”
He points to his direct experience designing network infrastructure for AI compute workloads. A project he was involved in required building a network capable of supporting 25MW of AI processing capacity. To make that operational, Paraguay’s internet backbone would need to expand to more than double its current bandwidth. The uptime requirements of AI operations would, by necessity, force improvements in connectivity reliability and cost across the entire country.
Latency, location, and the numbers that matter
A frequent objection to Paraguay as a compute destination is its geographic distance from major markets. Kaatz pushes back with specific data: Paraguay sits approximately 15 milliseconds from São Paulo and under 100 milliseconds from the U.S. East Coast.
“For AI training workloads, batch inference, and non-real-time processing, those numbers are more than competitive,” he says. “When you combine that latency profile with our energy pricing, renewable generation, and grid availability, the value proposition is hard to beat for the right workloads.”
The 5GW ceiling and why it’s a feature, not a bu
Paraguay’s current installed capacity creates a ceiling of roughly 5GW of available power a constraint that Industry and Commerce Minister Marco Riquelme has acknowledged publicly. In March 2026, Riquelme traveled to Silicon Valley and met with executives from OpenAI, Nvidia, Crusoe, Lambda, and other major AI infrastructure companies, stating publicly that Paraguay is positioned to become a global reference in data processing for artificial intelligence.
Kaatz agrees with Riquelme’s assessment of the constraint but frames it as an opportunity: “The 5GW ceiling is real, but it can be addressed through alternative energy sources, private investment in generation capacity, and the natural pressure of industrial demand. That pressure is exactly what a developing economy needs. Investors who come for compute will inevitably see the energy generation opportunity as well.”
Regulation, governance, and the case for imperfect progress
On the regulatory front, Kaatz is candid. “Paraguay is not known for efficiency in controls, taxes, or regulations. We can’t even agree on traffic laws,” he says. “But that shouldn’t stop progress. Let the infrastructure come. Let the investment come. The environment will be forced to adapt toward better governance, better management of resources, and ultimately better outcomes for every Paraguayan.”
He points to the EAS corporate framework as a positive step a streamlined structure for forming companies that has lowered barriers for foreign investors while acknowledging that much of Paraguay’s institutional infrastructure still needs to mature.
“Progress doesn’t wait for perfection,” Kaatz says. “Perfection follows progress.”
A career built on stranded resources
From selling ice as a seven-year-old in his family’s business, to rewinding electrical motors at ten, to climbing telecommunications towers as a teenager alongside his ham-radio-amateur father, to building one of Paraguay’s first regional ISPs, to designing a 100MW data center Kaatz’s career has followed a single thread: finding stranded or undervalued resources and building systems that turn them into value.
“My father did anything and everything to grow, learn, experiment, and enjoy building,” Kaatz reflects. “That is the one truth about myself about my past, my present, and my future.”
Today, Kaatz is focused on large-scale energy infrastructure development, applying the same pattern at continental scale. He divides his time between Paraguay and the United States.
Paraguay at a glance: key facts for international investors
Paraguay’s GDP grew approximately 6% in 2025, with projections of 4.2%–4.5% for 2026. The country holds investment-grade ratings from Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P. Inflation is targeted at 3.5%, with the central bank holding rates steady at 5.5% in a neutral monetary stance. The country’s hydroelectric matrix generates virtually zero-emission electricity, and its geographic position offers competitive latency to both North American and South American markets. The IDB is financing $130 million in digital infrastructure modernization, including a sovereign cloud and Tier III government data center. Paraguay hosted the IDB Annual Meetings in March 2026, reinforcing its positioning as a credible destination for international capital.
Contact:
Christian Kaatz
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 (201) 589 7542
Web: https://kaatz.info
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Vexillum Minerals Expands International Investment Distribution Network Through Collaboration with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital
DUBAI, UAE, October 20, 2026Dubai-based private capital group adds Vexillum to its preferred investment products, expanding access to professional intermediaries, wealth advisers and private capital investors across international markets.
Dubai-based private capital group adds Vexillum to its preferred investment products, expanding access to professional intermediaries, wealth advisers and private capital investors across international markets.
DUBAI, UAE, October 20, 2026
Vexillum Minerals, an international minerals and commodities company focused on precious, strategic and industrial mineral opportunities, today announced a new investment distribution collaboration with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital, strengthening the company’s access to international private capital markets.
Under the arrangement, Vexillum has been included among the preferred investment products of Puregroup Partners, a Dubai-based private capital and investment distribution group. Puregroup Partners will actively promote Vexillum through its established network of professional intermediaries, wealth advisers and private capital investors, providing access to distribution relationships across the United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and other international markets.
The collaboration with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital represents a further step in Vexillum’s strategy to broaden its investor network and establish relationships with professional capital-market participants as the company advances its international minerals business.
Expanding Access to International Private Capital
Vexillum’s growth strategy encompasses the acquisition, development and commercialisation of mineral interests, alongside the expansion of its commodities and precious-metals activities.
As the company advances its portfolio and broader capital-markets objectives, developing relationships with established investment distribution groups forms an important part of its approach to connecting specialist investment opportunities with appropriate sources of private capital.
The arrangement with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital provides Vexillum with an additional channel through which to engage professional intermediaries, wealth advisers and private capital investors across multiple jurisdictions.
Rather than relying exclusively on direct investor relationships, Vexillum is seeking to build a broader international network of distribution and capital-market relationships capable of supporting its long-term development.
Supporting Vexillum’s International Growth Strategy
The collaboration comes as Vexillum continues developing its international minerals portfolio and strengthening the corporate, operational and financial infrastructure required to support its next phase of growth.
The company is pursuing a strategy that combines mineral asset participation, project development, processing opportunities, commodities brokerage and offtake, with a particular emphasis on precious metals and strategically important mineral resources.
By working with established private-capital distribution partners, Vexillum aims to broaden awareness of its investment opportunities among professional market participants while maintaining a selective and structured approach to investor engagement.
The relationship with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital reflects a shared emphasis on sophisticated financial structuring, selective distribution and trusted professional relationships in connecting private capital with differentiated investment opportunities.
About Vexillum Minerals
Vexillum Strategic Minerals Corp, operating under the Vexillum Minerals brand, is an international minerals and commodities company focused on building and developing a diversified portfolio of precious, strategic and industrial mineral interests.
The company’s strategy encompasses mineral asset participation, project development, commodities brokerage and offtake, processing opportunities and physical precious-metals activities.
Vexillum continues to develop its international portfolio and institutional infrastructure as it advances its planned U.S. public-market listing and broader long-term growth strategy.
Disclaimer: This announcement is provided for corporate information purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase securities or investment products in any jurisdiction. Any investment opportunities are subject to applicable laws, eligibility requirements and relevant offering documentation.
Media Contact Details
Vexillum Minerals
Email: Send Email
Website: www.vexillum-minerals.com
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Birdeye Launches Peak, Giving Allocators A Limitless Market Terminal
SINGAPORE, October 21, 2026Built on the data infrastructure Birdeye has operated for five years, Peak unifies market intelligence, asset fundamentals and portfolio analytics across centralised and decentralised venues, navigated through a three-letter command system.
Built on the data infrastructure Birdeye has operated for five years, Peak unifies market intelligence, asset fundamentals and portfolio analytics across centralised and decentralised venues, navigated through a three-letter command system.
SINGAPORE, October 21, 2026
Birdeye, the crypto intelligence company whose real-time market data serves the Solana ecosystem – including Backpack and Solflare – as well as thousands of enterprise clients, today launched Birdeye Peak, an institutional terminal for professionals allocating capital to digital assets.
Institutional capital has moved into digital assets faster than the tooling built to read them. Allocators routinely assemble a view of the market from four or five vendors, each defining its metrics differently, then reconcile the differences by hand. By the time the answer exists, the market has moved. The problem is not a shortage of data but a shortage of data a professional can act on.
Peak is built to close that gap. It brings market intelligence, asset fundamentals, wallet and portfolio analytics, institutional indices, curated research and anomaly detection into a single workspace, covering centralised and decentralised venues alongside the offchain sources institutions already rely on, including ETF flows, filings and private funding activity.
“Professionals are making decisions worth millions and billions of dollars based on unqualified data,” said Kha Nguyen, co-founder and CEO of Birdeye. “Onchain data is not scarce. Data you can defend when somebody asks where the number came from is extremely scarce. We spent five years building the infrastructure to produce it, and Peak is what that infrastructure looks like when you put it in front of a desk.”
“Birdeye is a key partner for us across many surfaces, from Token.xyz to X Cashtags. Their historical indexing and market data APIs make these experiences accurate and scalable,” said Vibhu Norby, Chief Product Officer at Solana Foundation.
Built on infrastructure Birdeye owns
Most analytics platforms license their inputs from third parties. Birdeye built its own.
The company indexes more than millions of tokens across over 400 decentralised exchanges and 20 chains, with day one coverage of new networks, and supplies that data to thousands of enterprise clients including leading wallets, exchanges and foundations.
Institutional offchain datasets are licensed through established providers and normalised into the same framework.
Owning the onchain layerrather than buying it allows Birdeye to reconcile conflicting records at source, apply consistent definitions across venues, and build datasets to a client’s specification rather than reselling a standard feed.
Designed for how desks actually work
Peak is navigated by command rather than by menu. A 3 to 4 letter code and an asset take a user directly to the view they need, so VAL BTC opens a valuation view, WOVand a wallet address opens a wallet overview. The structure extends across token, wallet, protocol, ETFs and index objects, with cross-cutting commands for market sentiment and screening.
The terminal is built around professional workflows including position sizing against venue level liquidity, exit liquidity and order book depth analysis, portfolio composition and analytics across wallets, counterparty proof of reserves verification, and benchmarking against institutional indices. An integrated research layer, Peak AI, surfaces connections across datasets that a user would not necessarily have gone looking for.
Peak is available as a paid subscription on a per seat, per organisation basis.
About Birdeye
Birdeye is a crypto intelligence company providing real-time, customisable blockchain data to traders, builders and institutions. Its product suite spans Birdeye Data, the infrastructure layer serving thousands of enterprise clients; Birdeye Terminal, its market dashboard; and Birdeye Peak, its institutional terminal. The company indexes across Solana, Base, Ethereum and other major chains. Birdeye is operated by Wings Lab Pte. Ltd., registered in Singapore.
Learn more atbirdeye.so.
Media Contact Details
Jamie Kingsley
Email: Send Email
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AD Mortgage Survey Finds Mixed Outlook for Conventional Lending Heading Into 2027
Fort Lauderdale, FL, October 21, 2026AD Mortgage, a leading wholesale lender in the United States, today released the results of its 2026 survey, Conventional Lending Heading Into 2027. Based on responses from more than 250 mortgage professionals, the study offers a look at how Conventional lending has changed since 2023 and where brokers expect it to go next. Responses show […]
Fort Lauderdale, FL, October 21, 2026
AD Mortgage, a leading wholesale lender in the United States, today released the results of its 2026 survey, Conventional Lending Heading Into 2027. Based on responses from more than 250 mortgage professionals, the study offers a look at how Conventional lending has changed since 2023 and where brokers expect it to go next. Responses show an even split: 30.5% said Conventional had grown as a share of their business, and the same share said it had declined.
Another 39.1% said Conventional’s share of their business had stayed about the same. Looking ahead, 46.4% expect it to remain steady over the next 12 to 24 months, while 34.5% anticipate growth and 19.1% expect a decline.
The survey points to areas of opportunity and challenge for mortgage professionals. Better pricing or total cost is the most commonly selected reason to choose Conventional (57.7%), while income and DTI qualification is the leading obstacle to closing (55.0%). Standard conforming purchases remain the most common transaction, cited by 85% of respondents.
“Mortgage professionals are looking at the complete picture: what works for the borrower, how the loan is priced and what it takes to get to closing,” said Max Slyusarchuk, CEO of AD Mortgage. “These results show that pricing and qualification both shape Conventional lending today. We hope they help our partners have clear, useful conversations with borrowers about the options available.”
Key highlights include:
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30.5% report an increase in Conventional’s share of their business since 2023, the same share who report a decline; 39.1% say it has stayed about the same.
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46.4% expect a stable share over the next 12 to 24 months. More respondents anticipate growth (34.5%) than decline (19.1%).
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Standard conforming purchases lead the reported pipeline at 85%. Cash-out refinances (38.6%) and investment-property purchases (38.2%) are the next most common transactions.
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First-time homebuyers are the most common profile at 40%. Better pricing or total cost is the leading reason to choose Conventional (57.7%), ahead of lower mortgage insurance or fees (32.3%).
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Income and DTI are the top obstacles to closing (55.0%), followed by credit and pricing (40.5%). Pricing is also the leading factor in lender selection (82.7%), followed by faster underwriting or closing (55.0%); DU versus LPA findings lead agency selection at 45.5%.
For mortgage professionals, the results point to a practical balance: keep an eye on pricing and execution while working through the income and DTI questions that can affect a borrower’s path to closing.
About the Study
AD Mortgage surveyed more than 250 mortgage professionals from September 1–30, 2026, about their Conventional business, borrowers, qualification challenges, agency choices and workflows.
For this survey, Conventional means Fannie Mae- or Freddie Mac-eligible lending, including standard conforming and high-balance loans. The survey was conducted during a period of heightened market volatility.
For more information, please visit https://admortgage.com/data-hub/conventional-mortgage-trends/
About AD Mortgage
As a premier direct mortgage lender, AD Mortgage offers a full spectrum of Conventional, Government, and Non-QM loan products with 24-hour turnaround times and some of the most competitive rates in the industry. In addition to their AD Power Jumbo loan product, AD Mortgage offers programs for Prime borrowers, Foreign National borrowers, as well as borrowers with imperfect credit histories. Programs with no income verification are also offered for investment property loans.
The company offers free concierge services, bank statement reviews, marketing tools and resources, and more to support the brokers they serve. In 2025, AD Mortgage received several prestigious industry awards, including HousingWire Vanguard Award, PROGRESS in Lending’s Lending Luminary Award, National Mortgage Professional’s Legend of Lending Award, HousingWire Industry Titan Award. This year, the company was also featured in CBS, Bloomberg, and Inc., underscoring its growing influence and leadership in the mortgage industry.
AD Mortgage is an Equal Housing Lender. NMLS ID #958660. 899 W Cypress Creek Rd, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309. For important disclosures and state licensing information:https://admortgage.com/important-disclosures/
Media Contact Details
Andy Restrepo
AD Mortgage, LLC
Email: Send Email
Phone: (645) 240-2300
Vexillum Minerals Expands International Investment Distribution Network Through Collaboration with Puregroup Partners and Deal Flow Capital
Birdeye Launches Peak, Giving Allocators A Limitless Market Terminal
AD Mortgage Survey Finds Mixed Outlook for Conventional Lending Heading Into 2027
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