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New Open‑Source FPGA Code is Poised to Bring Private Payments, Verifiable AI, and Instant Gaming to Ethereum Layer 2s

San Francisco, CAFirst public release of a complete FPGA implementation for zero‑knowledge proofs could finally make ZK‑rollups cheap enough for consumer‑scale applications. A team of hardware and cryptography engineers has released the first open-source, full-stack FPGA implementation of a zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM). The code, published today, is designed to accelerate the generation of ZK proofs; the […]

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First public release of a complete FPGA implementation for zero‑knowledge proofs could finally make ZK‑rollups cheap enough for consumer‑scale applications.

A team of hardware and cryptography engineers has released the first open-source, full-stack FPGA implementation of a zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM). The code, published today, is designed to accelerate the generation of ZK proofs; the cryptographic backbone of secure, private, and scalable blockchain networks.

If adopted by rollup operators and prover networks, the technology could dramatically lower the cost of ZK‑rollups, making them competitive on cost with optimistic rollups, which today are cheaper but settle more slowly and rest on different trust assumptions. That, in turn, would enable a new class of consumer applications that have remained theoretical for years: private stablecoin payments, portable identity without document uploads, verifiable AI on local devices, and on‑chain gaming with instant finality.

The Bottleneck That Held Back Web3

ZK‑rollups offer instant transaction finality and the same security guarantees as Ethereum mainnet. But generating the required cryptographic proofs has been computationally expensive; so expensive that most ZK‑rollups remain costlier than optimistic rollups, which require a seven‑day withdrawal window and weaker trust assumptions.

Consumers have voted with their wallets. They choose the cheaper, slower option. And many promising applications; like private payments, proof‑of‑age without revealing identity, and micropayments; have never reached scale because the underlying proof costs made them uneconomical.

What the Open‑Source Code Does

An FPGA (field‑programmable gate array) is a chip that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to perform a specific task extremely efficiently. For ZK proofs, a properly configured FPGA can run orders of magnitude faster and use far less power than a general‑purpose CPU or GPU.

Until now, FPGA implementations for ZK proving have stayed proprietary or locked to a single prover network. This release is the first complete, open-source FPGA proving stack for a full zkVM — the FPGA backend for Venus, Cysic’s open-source zkVM. It includes the complete proving pipeline, not just isolated primitives, and is licensed permissively for anyone to use, modify, or port to different hardware.

The code sits alongside a production GPU proving network that already generates proofs for Ethereum blocks. With both GPU and open FPGA backends, the infrastructure is no longer dependent on a single class of silicon; a reliability benefit for any application that relies on verifiable compute.

What Becomes Possible

With fast, cheap, and open ZK proving, several long‑promised consumer applications could finally move from white papers to wallets:

  • Private, instant stablecoin payments – A business could prove its funds are clean without revealing its entire transaction history, at a cost of pennies instead of dollars.
  • Portable, privacy‑preserving identity – A user could prove their age or creditworthiness in under a second, without uploading passports or sensitive documents to third‑party servers.
  • Verifiable AI on consumer devices – An AI assistant on local hardware could prove it executed a given model faithfully on the user’s data — without sending that data to the cloud.
  • On‑chain gaming with instant finality – A multiplayer game could settle hundreds of moves per second on a ZK‑rollup, with proof costs low enough to make true asset ownership practical.
  • Micropayments and streaming money – Paying a fraction of a cent per second for video or API calls would no longer be eaten by fees, because per‑transaction proofs would become nearly free.

 

Availability

The open‑source FPGA code is available today on GitHub under permissive licenses. It is under active development and not yet audited for production use, but the team has invited researchers, developers, and hardware engineers to study, test, and build upon it.

“ZK only reaches its potential when proving is fast, cheap, and verifiable by anyone. Open‑sourcing the first FPGA zkVM is our way of saying the ecosystem moves forward together – not behind closed doors.”
— Leo Fan, CEO of Cysic

About the Release

The code is the FPGA hardware backend for Venus, Cysic’s open-source zkVM. It was built by Cysic, a verifiable compute network, and is released under Apache 2.0 / MIT licenses. It was built by Cysic, a verifiable compute network, and is released under Apache 2.0 / MIT licenses.

GitHub: github.com/cysic-labs/venus-fpga (placeholder)

Media Contact: [email protected]

About Cysic

Cysic, backed by leading investors including Polychain Capital, OKX Ventures, HashKey Capital, is building the verifiable compute engine for Web3. By combining custom ZK hardware, a decentralized node network, and a programmable economic layer, Cysic transforms computation into a trustless, on-chain resource. The network supports scalable proof generation, AI verification, and scientific computing workloads, laying the groundwork for the ComputeFi economy.

Follow on X: @cysic_xyz

Read the Docs: https://hackmd.io/@Cysic

https://docs.cysicfoundation.org/~/changes/18/

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Jay Ruane Makes a $19 Process Guide Available for Connecticut Automated-Ticket Questions

CONNECTICUT, USA  Jay Ruane, a Connecticut defense attorney, announced a $19 online guide for drivers assessing automated camera notices before choosing a response. A Lower-Cost Review Option The guide at Mr. Speeding Ticket addresses the practical gap between a small ticket and the cost of traditional legal help. In Fairfield, the first violation is listed as […]

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Jay Ruane, a Connecticut defense attorney, announced a $19 online guide for drivers assessing automated camera notices before choosing a response.

jay ruane makes a 19 process guide available for connecticut automated ticket questions PGpUKN Jay Ruane Makes a $19 Process Guide Available for Connecticut Automated-Ticket Questions

A Lower-Cost Review Option

The guide at Mr. Speeding Ticket addresses the practical gap between a small ticket and the cost of traditional legal help. In Fairfield, the first violation is listed as a $50 fine plus a $15 processing fee, for a total of $65. The resource does not predict an outcome; it gives drivers a structured way to begin reviewing the notice and the procedure behind it. Its instructions cover the difference between a warning and a fine, questions about the notice, Freedom of Information Act records requests, certified-mail documentation, and preparation for a hearing.

Where the Supporting Record May Sit

The toolkit points drivers to police departments, municipalities, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and camera vendors when identifying records that may explain an automated notice. The records and questions relevant to each matter can differ. According to reporting by WFSB, Fairfield school-zone cameras generated more than 114,000 warnings during their first 18 days. That volume helps explain why the guide focuses on how images are reviewed, vehicle information is matched, and notices are supported.

Camera Notices and Plate Readers Are Not the Same System

Work-zone and school-zone cameras can generate mailed notices. License-plate readers can record plate information, vehicle descriptions, location, date, and time. Under Connecticut’s new law, taking effect October 1, 2026, agencies must delete plate-reader information after 21 days unless an exception applies, including an active investigation. The law also restricts use for immigration enforcement and for targeting people seeking reproductive or gender-affirming care. Governor Ned Lamont has asked municipalities to pause new installations while guidance is developed. The Governor’s request applies only to new installations. It does not remove or deactivate the systems already operating across Connecticut. More than two dozen towns have existing installations that remain active and continue scanning vehicles every day. The $19 guide is available at Mr. Speeding Ticket.

About Jay Ruane & Mr. Speeding Ticket

Jay Ruane is a Connecticut defense attorney and creator of Mr. Speeding Ticket, a $19 online toolkit that helps drivers review automated camera notices, request records, and prepare for a hearing. The resource provides general information and does not guarantee a particular outcome.

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Global Independent News
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E-BOOTS Announces Production Stage for SMART Boot Project

Edmonton, CAE-BOOTS has announced that its SMART boot project has entered the production stage, marking a significant milestone in the development of technology-integrated footwear for demanding work and outdoor environments. The announcement signals E-BOOTS’ commitment to advancing footwear solutions that meet the needs of workers and outdoor enthusiasts facing extreme conditions. This move into production represents […]

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E-BOOTS has announced that its SMART boot project has entered the production stage, marking a significant milestone in the development of technology-integrated footwear for demanding work and outdoor environments. The announcement signals E-BOOTS’ commitment to advancing footwear solutions that meet the needs of workers and outdoor enthusiasts facing extreme conditions.

20260929 223ce40e0414a057 E-BOOTS Announces Production Stage for SMART Boot Project

This move into production represents a key step forward for E-BOOTS, as the company works to create a new generation of winter and extreme-environment footwear. The SMART boot project is designed to combine traditional boot construction with advanced integrated technologies, aiming to address the evolving requirements of professionals and outdoor users who operate in challenging climates. By reaching the production stage, E-BOOTS is transitioning from research and development to the manufacturing phase, where prototypes and concepts are refined into tangible products.

Founded and led by CEO Peter Quansah Jr., E-BOOTS was established to address the observation that conventional winter footwear has seen limited evolution despite significant advances in technology. The company’s approach is to develop footwear that can actively respond to the environmental conditions encountered by workers and outdoor users, providing features and benefits beyond what traditional boots offer. This philosophy underpins the SMART boot project, which seeks to integrate intelligent systems directly into rugged footwear.

The E-BOOTS SMART boot platform is being developed with a suite of features, including active heating, electronic controls, smartphone connectivity, and location-based capabilities. These technologies are intended to give users greater control over their comfort and safety, as well as access to real-time information and connectivity in remote or hazardous environments. The broader vision for E-BOOTS is to enable footwear that not only protects but also empowers users through technology, supporting them as they work or explore in severe weather and terrain.

E-BOOTS is targeting two primary markets with its SMART boot project. The first is professionals working in demanding cold-weather environments, such as those in industrial work, construction, and skilled trades. The second market consists of outdoor users engaged in activities like hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, and backcountry exploration. These groups often face unpredictable weather and difficult terrain, making reliable and adaptive footwear essential. Alberta’s severe winter conditions provide a natural environment for E-BOOTS to evaluate and test its technology, ensuring that the SMART boots are suited to real-world challenges.

According to the company, the SMART boot project is designed to address the specific needs of individuals who require more from their footwear than basic insulation. By integrating heating elements and digital connectivity, the boots aim to offer enhanced performance and functionality. The company’s focus on both industrial and recreational users reflects the broad applicability of its technology-integrated approach.

“Moving into production is an important step for E-BOOTS. We started with the idea that winter footwear could do more than simply insulate the foot. Our goal is to explore what becomes possible when footwear, heating technology and digital connectivity are designed as one system.”

Peter Quansah Jr., CEO, E-BOOTS

The current production stage is focused on advancing the SMART boot project toward formal product testing. E-BOOTS states that it will announce when the project officially moves into its testing phase. During this next phase, product performance, safety, durability, and other technical characteristics will be evaluated through appropriate testing and certification processes. The company emphasizes that these steps are essential to ensure the SMART boots meet the rigorous demands of their intended users. E-BOOTS plans to provide further information as testing progresses and milestones are reached.

This production milestone represents the next stage in E-BOOTS’ ongoing effort to establish a new category of technology-integrated winter footwear. The company views this achievement as a foundation for future product development, with the goal of expanding its offerings and continuing to innovate in the field of smart-wear for demanding environments.

For more information about E-BOOTS and its SMART boot project, visit the E-BOOTS website or contact the company by email at [email protected].

About E-BOOTS

E-BOOTS is a smart-wear company based in Alberta, developing technology-integrated footwear for industrial professionals and outdoor enthusiasts in demanding environments. The company’s product vision combines rugged footwear with intelligent technologies designed to provide active warmth, connectivity, and location-related functionality. E-BOOTS develops products for applications across industrial work, construction, skilled trades, and extreme outdoor activities.

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One Year After Inspecting Its Farm, New York Cannabis Regulator Tells State’s First Social Equity Medical Licensee Its Crop Can No Longer Be Sold

VERNON, N.YNonna Farms was never given the hearing it requested in December 2025. OCM valued the crop at up to $127 million. The company says the agency ignored its own precedent and let the harvest sit until it was worthless.

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Nonna Farms was never given the hearing it requested in December 2025. OCM valued the crop at up to $127 million. The company says the agency ignored its own precedent and let the harvest sit until it was worthless.

On September 22, 2025, inspectors from the New York State Office of Cannabis Management walked a 55-acre outdoor cannabis farm in Oneida County. On September 22, 2026, one year to the day later, OCM’s Deputy Counsel wrote to the farm’s owners that, based on the condition of the cannabis, the agency could not permit it to be sold. In the twelve months between those two dates, OCM never held the hearing the company asked for, never issued a destruction order, never seized the product and never tested it.

The farm belongs to Nonna Farms, LLC, the first social equity registered organization licensed under New York’s medical cannabis program and the first company ever permitted to grow medical cannabis outdoors in the State. Its crop was harvested, moved to an OCM-approved storage facility, quarantined, and weighed twice at the agency’s request. It was never sold. OCM’s own charging document put its value at up to $127,140,000. Today it is worth close to nothing.

Nonna Farms has now filed a renewed request for a hearing before OCM’s Office of Administrative Hearings and is asking the tribunal to find that the agency destroyed its crop without due process and in defiance of a ruling OCM’s own judges issued a year ago.

A Hearing Requested on OCM’s Own Form, Then Lost

OCM charged Nonna Farms on November 26, 2025. Twelve days later, on December 8, the company requested a hearing using the form OCM provides for that purpose. The hearing was never docketed. OCM has since represented to its own tribunal that it was unaware any request had been made. The signed request form was filed as an exhibit this month, by OCM.

How the Charges Came About

Because no medical licensee had grown outdoors before, there was no rulebook. OCM has acknowledged under penalty of perjury that outdoor cultivation was not an option on its application and that the agency changed its own policy to accommodate Nonna Farms. The one requirement it put in writing was security. Nonna Farms installed fencing, 42 cameras, perimeter alarms, flood lighting and round-the-clock staffing the same day.

Between May 21 and June 20, 2025, the company wrote to OCM four times asking for authorization to plant and for a pre-operational inspection. It gave its planting date in advance, copied the Chair of the Cannabis Control Board, and invited unannounced visits. None of the four letters was answered. With seedlings dying, the company planted.

OCM approved the site on July 25, 2025 without mentioning the planting. On August 4 it asked Nonna Farms to measure its flowering canopy and explained how. On August 18 the company reported 36 acres, more than OCM itself later measured, and sent photographs. There was no response. Inspectors arrived five weeks later. On November 12, on a recorded call, OCM’s Director of Compliance told the company the matter was not the start of a disciplinary proceeding. Charges followed fourteen days later: operating without the inspection Nonna Farms had asked for, planting before the approval OCM had delayed, and exceeding a canopy limit based on the acreage the company had volunteered.

The Canopy Cap Was Written for an Indoor Building

The 100,000 square foot limit OCM is enforcing came from the tier Nonna Farms selected on its application for an indoor facility in Castleton. OCM has conceded outdoor cultivation was not on that application. No regulation, decision or order sets a canopy limit for an outdoor medical grow. The only outdoor canopy rules in New York are in the adult-use regulations, which do not contemplate an outdoor medical license, and even those give outdoor farms more canopy than indoor facilities because an outdoor farm harvests once a year. Nonna Farms does not recognize the cap and will ask the tribunal to find it does not apply.

OCM Wrote the Settlement, Then Walked Away From It

On March 3, 2026, OCM proposed a settlement: Nonna Farms would keep its licensed product, sell the disputed remainder and surrender the proceeds to the State. The company accepted in writing within three days and lined up a buyer at $6.8 million. OCM took 133 days to put its first substantive position in writing. The buyer was gone. On the day Nonna Farms warned the buyer would walk, OCM said it would not recommend the company’s pending dispensary locations, the other sales channel its own framework depended on.

On August 26, two days before OCM’s next settlement response was due, inspectors arrived unannounced at the storage facility, ostensibly to weigh the product. They did not weigh it. They issued a Stop Work Order that afternoon. On September 3, OCM declared its interest in settlement “extinguished” and said it would seek appropriate relief. Nearly four weeks later, it has sought none.

OCM’s Own Judges Already Ruled on This

In OCM v. Omnium Health, Inc., decided in July and November 2025, OCM’s Office of Administrative Hearings held that holding perishable cannabis indefinitely is in effect a destruction order, because the product loses value until it is worthless, and that such a restraint is a sanction requiring a hearing before it is imposed, not after. OCM took no exceptions to those decisions. A year later the agency has repeated the conduct against the first social equity licensee in the State. Nonna Farms will ask the tribunal to find that OCM departed from its own precedent without explanation.

Leadership Turnover, Unanswered Letters

OCM has been under a Governor-ordered operational overhaul since 2024. In December 2025, the Governor removed the agency’s acting Executive Director and its Deputy Counsel following the Omnium matter. An acting Executive Director ran the agency from February 2026 until a Senate confirmation in June. Within Nonna Farms’ own file, the Executive Director changed, the General Counsel changed, and the matter passed through three attorneys. Calls were postponed, letters went unanswered, and deadlines OCM set for itself passed. Nonna Farms does not contend that anyone at OCM intended to destroy its crop. It contends that the agency lacked the people, process and leadership to keep its own commitments, and that the cost of every silence fell on the licensee.

The Cost

Nonna Farms’ social equity owners borrowed more than $7 million on OCM’s written assurance that “the compliance unit will work closely with you as you work toward operationalizing in New York State.” The company has had no revenue since the 2025 harvest. The debt is secured by the crop. The lender has moved toward foreclosure.

“We asked OCM for an inspection. We asked for approval. We reported our canopy when they asked for it. We accepted the settlement they wrote,” said a spokesperson for Nonna Farms. “Every time, the answer was either delay or silence, and every time, we paid for it. A year ago OCM’s own judges told the agency that holding a crop until it rots is a destruction order. OCM did it again, to the first social equity licensee in New York. That is a regulator failing at its most basic job. Social equity means nothing if the agency charged with delivering it cannot answer its mail.”

What Happens Next

Nonna Farms has asked the Office of Administrative Hearings to docket all three charges, hold a preliminary conference within ten days and assign an Administrative Law Judge on an expedited basis. It will ask the tribunal to find that the charges are not established, that the indoor canopy tier does not apply to an outdoor medical grow, that OCM’s restraint on the product has no basis in the Cannabis Law or its regulations, that the crop was destroyed without due process, and that OCM abandoned its Omnium precedent without a stated reason.

The company is represented by Patrick J. Hines of Hodgson Russ LLP. It is prepared to proceed on any date the tribunal sets, as it has been since December 8, 2025.

About Nonna Farms, LLC

Nonna Farms, LLC is the first social equity registered organization licensed under New York’s medical cannabis program and operated the first outdoor medical cannabis cultivation permitted in the State, in Vernon, Oneida County.

Media Contact Details
Robert Kato
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Phone: 917-753-6000

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